基於檔案的惡意軟體：金融機構隱藏的合規風險

Organizations operating in the finance industry are under increasing pressure from multiple directions: cybersecurity, operational resilience, and incident disclosure.

From a cybersecurity standpoint, banks and other financial institutions are investing heavily into network security, endpoint protection, and identity controls.

And yet, one critical risk remains dangerously underestimated: file-based malware.

Malicious PDFs, Microsoft Office files, and compressed archives are now among the most common initial access vectors for ransomware, data exfiltration, and advanced persistent threats.

For regulated financial institutions, failing to address file-borne threats is not just a security gap; it is a direct compliance and regulatory risk.

基於檔案的惡意軟體對金融機構構成高昂風險

Employees and customers expect files they use in their day-to-day activities to be safe, rarely second guessing a document.

It’s a false feeling of safety which turns documents into an ideal vehicle for stealthy attacks.

In fact, 70% of breaches in the financial and insurance sectors were delivered via phishing and malicious attachments in 2024 alone and the frequency shows no signs of slowing.

We know that 65% of financial services organizations were hit by ransomware in 2024.

Out of these 65%, the financial services industry accounted for 432 incidents, totaling approximately $365.6 million in reported ransomware payments between 2022 and 2024 alone.

常見基於檔案的惡意軟體類型

Financial institutions encounter these file-based threats daily:

這些技術使惡意軟體得以規避傳統偵測機制，同時無縫融入正常商業運作。

高容量檔案處理會產生多個進入點

Financial institutions handle an exceptionally high volume of files every day, largely driven by strict regulatory and operational requirements.

從客戶入職到持續帳戶管理，敏感文件會透過多種管道進行上傳、共享與處理：

• KYC and AML documentation uploaded during account opening and ongoing monitoring
  
• Loan and mortgage applications with supporting financial statements and tax documents
  
• Claims processing files containing medical records, invoices, and supporting evidence
  
• Secure customer portal uploads for account maintenance and service requests
  
• Email attachments from third parties and counterparties including vendors, partners, and regulators
  
• Wire transfer documentation and payment authorization forms
  
• 與監管機構交換的監管申報文件及報告

Each of these file uploads represents a potential entry point for malware and zero-day threats.

當檔案在雲端工作流程或自動化處理系統中傳輸時，若未經徹底檢查，惡意內容便可能悄然潛入而未被察覺。

Consequently, undetected malware introduces security, compliance, and operational risk into environments that rely heavily on trust and speed.

為何傳統安全控制措施已不足夠

傳統防毒軟體與單引擎掃描解決方案高度依賴簽名檔及已知入侵指標，使其對當今針對金融機構的複雜檔案型威脅束手無策。

1. 簽名式偵測無法對抗現代惡意軟體

傳統防毒軟體透過將檔案與已知惡意軟體簽名資料庫進行比對來運作。此方法會遺漏：

• Zero-day exploits for which no signatures exist
  
• Polymorphic malware that modifies its code signature with each iteration
  
• Custom malware developed specifically to target your institution
  
• 加密有效負載，將惡意程式碼隱藏於合法檔案結構之中

金融機構屢屢因常見商業應用程式的零日漏洞而遭受攻擊：PDF閱讀器、Microsoft Office、檔案壓縮工具；在資安廠商能開發簽名檔之前。

2. 單點安全機制造成危險漏洞

• 僅依賴單一安全供應商或偵測方法會產生弱點：
  
• 不同的防毒引擎在偵測不同惡意軟體家族方面各有專長
  
• 沒有單一供應商能防範所有威脅；個別引擎的偵測率鮮少超過70-80%。
  
• 攻擊者在部署惡意軟體前，會先測試其對主流安全解決方案的攻擊效果
  
• Cloud檔案工作流程往往完全繞過本地端的安全防護

3. 速度與規模的挑戰

• 現代商業需要快速的檔案處理：
  
• 傳統深度分析每份檔案需耗時數分鐘，造成無法接受的延遲
  
• 高容量檔案處理（每日數千份）使人工審查不堪負荷
  
• 即時協作需要跨雲端平台的即時檔案存取
  
• 面向客戶的入口網站要求即時上傳處理

金融機構需要能提供強大防護卻不犧牲營運效率的安全解決方案；這是傳統工具無法達到的平衡點。

金融服務業日益嚴峻的惡意軟體挑戰

Financial institutions remain high-value targets due to the volume of sensitive financial and personal data they store and process.

與許多可被限制在單一系統內的網路攻擊不同，基於檔案的惡意軟體正是透過現代銀行運作的核心工作流程進行擴散。

In financial environments, malware incidents extend far beyond operational disruption. They often lead directly to regulatory violations and compliance failures, including:

• 違反《通用資料保護規則》（GDPR）、《支付卡產業資料安全標準》（PCI DSS）及區域性金融資料隱私法規
  
• 未經授權存取客戶或交易資料
  
• 因未被偵測到的惡意檔案所導致的資料外洩或篡改

File uploads and downloads - whether customer-facing or internal - remain a blind spot in many security architectures.

Embedded threats can evade traditional endpoint tools yet still introduce serious compliance risks when malware leads to data exposure, tampering, or loss of integrity.

合規與監管風險

基於檔案的惡意軟體所帶來的合規性挑戰，遠遠超出了技術性安全控制的範疇。

敏感資料保護

諸如《通用資料保護規則》(GDPR)、《支付卡產業資料安全標準》(PCI DSS)、《格拉斯-斯雷布雷克法案》(GLBA)、《薩班斯-奧克斯利法案》(SOX)及《國際標準化組織資訊安全管理標準》(ISO 27001) 等法規，皆要求實施嚴格防護措施以確保客戶資料的機密性與完整性。隱藏於文件中的惡意軟體可能繞過安全控管機制，進而導致未經授權的存取或資料外洩。

稽核與可追溯性缺口

惡意軟體感染可能破壞日誌、規避監控或模糊事件時間線，從而削弱監管機構賴以進行問責與報告的稽核軌跡。

第三方與供應商風險

銀行經常與合作夥伴、供應商及服務提供者交換檔案。若缺乏全面的檔案檢查機制，惡意文件便可能滲入受信任的環境，不僅擴大安全風險暴露面，更將加劇監管責任負擔。

MetaDefender Cloud™: Strengthening File Security and Compliance

OPSWAT’s MetaDefender Cloud™ is a cloud-based malware analysis and threat prevention platform designed to address the unique security and compliance challenges faced by financial institutions.

It enables organizations to inspect, sanitize, and approve files at every critical entry point - including customer portals, partner exchanges, and internal workflows; without disrupting business operations.

Multiscanning with 20+ Anti-Malware Engines

與其依賴單一防毒引擎（可能漏檢複雜威脅）MetaDefender Cloud Metascan™Multiscanning 。

它同時運用超過20種業界領先的反惡意軟體引擎來分析檔案。

Deep CDR™ Technology - Proactive Protection Against Unknown Threats

Deep CDR™ 技術能主動防禦未知威脅，透過移除潛在惡意元素並將檔案重建為安全且完全可用的版本，同時不中斷業務流程。

對於金融操作中常見的高風險檔案類型（例如 Office 文件、PDF、壓縮檔及圖像檔案），此方法尤其有效。

By sanitizing files at the point of entry, financial institutions can safely handle the volume of documents required for daily operations without exposing systems to file-borne threats.

MetaDefender

MetaDefender Aether performs dynamic sandbox analysis to detect sophisticated malware that evades static scanning.

Suspicious files are executed in isolated environments to observe real behavior, uncovering advanced threats such as multi-stage malware and APTs.

Sandbox analysis is critical for detecting advanced persistent threats that use multi-stage infection techniques specifically designed to evade traditional security controls.

主動式 DLP™

MetaDefender Cloud Proactive DLP 功能，能在檔案共享或儲存前偵測並攔截敏感或受監管資料，例如個人識別資訊 (PII)、支付卡產業資料 (PCI) 及醫療健康資料 (PH)。

這有助於組織降低合規風險，同時維持安全的檔案工作流程。

預測性 Alin AI

Predictive Alin AI是OPSWAT的新一代靜態人工智慧引擎，旨在透過分析檔案結構與特性來評估檔案在執行前的潛在惡意內容。

Predictive Alin AI 專為高流量的企業內容流進行優化，可提供快速的執行前風險評估，並與多重掃描、Deep CDR™ 技術及沙箱分析（MetaDefender ）協同運作，共同構成MetaDefender Cloud分層檔案安全防護策略。

為何這對合規至關重要

Together, these technologies enable organizations to detect known and zero-day threats, sanitize files, and prevent sensitive data exposure.

The proactive, layered security controls powered by MetaDefender Cloud support compliance with regulations such as PCI DSS, GDPR, HIPAA, ISO 27001, and NIST.

Cloud擴展性與整合性

Modern financial institutions require security solutions that scale with business demands without extensive on-premises infrastructure or operational overhead.

MetaDefender Cloud delivers on these demands, through:

1. 靈活的部署選項

• Cloud-native architecture providing high availability and global reach
• Regional deployment options supporting data residency requirements
• Hybrid support for institutions with mixed cloud and on-premises environments
• 大規模效能表現：90% 的檔案處理時間低於 8 秒

2. 無縫整合

MetaDefender Cloud API架構，讓企業能將進階檔案安全功能整合至現有應用程式與安全工作流程中。

• 用於將檔案分析、淨化及聲譽檢查整合至自訂應用程式的 REST API
• 全面的API 程式碼範例，以支援開發與整合作業
  
• 透過 API 與雲端儲存、協作及檔案傳輸平台整合
  
• 透過豐富的元數據、日誌及判定結果實現SIEM/SOC相容性，以達成集中化監控與事件應對

3. 常見整合點

MetaDefender Cloud is commonly deployed at file entry point and exchange points where malware and sensitive data can enter an organization:

• 面向客戶的網路入口網站與應用程式
• 透過API Cloud 平台（例如 SharePoint、Box、GoogleDrive）
• 電子郵件安全閘道用於附件檢查
• Secure 傳輸與文件交換系統
• 文件管理與工作流程自動化平台
• 業務應用程式中涉及檔案上傳或共享的情境

即時的威脅情資

MetaDefender Cloud incorporates threat intelligence and reputation services to enhance file security and contextual risk assessment.

• Global malware intelligence derived from multiscanning engines and OPSWAT research
• IP, URL, and domain reputation services to identify malicious or suspicious infrastructure
• 檔案元資料與威脅情境，用以支援安全調查與合規性報告

這些情報能力有助於組織在不完全依賴基於簽名的偵測技術的情況下，做出明智的安全決策。

File-Level Protection Day-to-Day Financial Operations

為有效降低合規與安全風險，必須將檔案層級保護直接嵌入日常營運流程。

Financial institutions should start by scanning files at every entry point, including customer uploads, partner transfers, and internal communications.

Automating policy enforcement through proactive DLP and data classification helps prevent sensitive information from leaking before an incident occurs.

Finally, integrating file-level threat intelligence and metadata into SIEM and SOC platforms strengthens incident response, audit readiness, and regulatory reporting.

We have moved past the time where financial institutions had the option to opt out of investing in advanced file security.

Today, the only question remaining is how quickly they can implement solutions that close this critical compliance gap before the next breach triggers regulatory action.

With advanced file inspection, sanitization, and malware analysis technologies like those provided by MetaDefender Cloud, organizations can reduce regulatory exposure, prevent costly breaches, and maintain compliance with evolving global standards.

常見問題